.joule-section {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  gap: 40px; /* Reduced from 50px */
  padding: 40px 60px; /* Slightly reduced padding */
  align-items: flex-start;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.joule-img {
  flex: 0 0 240px; /* Reduced from 280px */
  text-align: center;
}

.joule-img img {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 240px; /* Reduced from 280px */
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.joule-img h3 {
  margin: 15px 0 4px;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #333;
}

.joule-img p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #666;
}

.joule-bio {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 300px; /* Reduced from 360px */
}

.joule-bio p {
  font-size: 17px; /* Slightly reduced */
  margin-bottom: 18px; /* Slightly reduced */
  color: #333;
  line-height: 1.7; /* Slightly tighter */
  text-align: justify;
}

.joule-bio ul {
  padding-left: 18px; /* Slightly reduced */
  margin: 0;
}

.joule-bio li {
  font-size: 16px; /* Reduced from 17px */
  line-height: 1.7; /* Slightly tighter */
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 10px; /* Slightly reduced */
  text-align: justify;
  list-style-type: disc;
}

/* Tablet adjustments (same as laptop but more compact) */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .joule-section {
    padding: 35px 40px;
    gap: 35px;
  }

  .joule-img {
    flex: 0 0 220px;
  }

  .joule-img img {
    max-width: 220px;
  }

  .joule-bio {
    min-width: 280px;
  }

  .joule-bio p,
  .joule-bio li {
    font-size: 16px;
  }
}

/* Mobile - switches to column */
@media (max-width: 576px) {
  .joule-section {
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 30px 20px;
    gap: 25px;
  }

  .joule-img {
    flex: 1;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .joule-img img {
    max-width: 240px; /* Slightly larger than tablet for better mobile display */
  }

  .joule-bio {
    min-width: 100%;
  }

  .joule-bio p,
  .joule-bio li {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .joule-img h3 {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .joule-img p {
    font-size: 12px;
  }
}

.heat-work-section {
  max-width: 1200px;
  width: 95%;
  margin: 2rem auto;
  padding: 2rem 3rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.heat-work-section h2 {
  font-size: 2.2em;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.5px;
  color: #000;
}

.heat-work-section .intro {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  color: #333;
  text-align: justify;
}

.heat-work-section .content-wrapper {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.heat-work-section .image-container {
  flex: 1;
  max-width: 400px;
}

.heat-work-section .image-container img {
  width: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.heat-work-section .text-container {
  flex: 1;
  max-width: 500px;
  text-align: justify;
}

.heat-work-section .text-container p {
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.heat-work-section .examples {
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.heat-work-section .examples h3 {
  font-size: 1.8em;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  color: #000;
}

.heat-work-section .examples ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.heat-work-section .examples ul li {
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  color: #000;
  text-align: justify;
}

.heat-work-section .examples ul li::before {
  content: "‣";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  line-height: 1;
  color: #000;
}

.heat-work-section .internal-energy p {
  font-size: 1.2em;
  color: #000;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  text-align: justify;
}

.ending-message {
  font-size: 1.3em;
  color: #000;
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  .heat-work-section {
    width: 90%;
    padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
  }

  .heat-work-section h2 {
    font-size: 2em;
  }

  .heat-work-section p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }

  .heat-work-section .content-wrapper {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .heat-work-section {
    width: 90%;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.5rem;
  }

  .heat-work-section h2 {
    font-size: 1.8em;
  }

  .heat-work-section p {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
}

.video-demonstration {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 50px auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start; /* Changed from center to flex-start */
}

.text-content {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1100px; /* Matches video container width */
  padding: 0;
  margin-left: auto; /* These two lines center the content */
  margin-right: auto; /* while keeping text left-aligned */
}

.video-title {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: #222;
  text-align: left;
}

.video-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #555;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: left;
}

.video-container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto; /* Center the video */
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  background: #000;
}

video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .video-demonstration {
    padding: 0 15px;
    margin: 40px auto;
    max-width: 95%;
  }

  .text-content {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .video-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }

  .video-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
}

.button-container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 50px;
}

.activity-link {
  padding: 12px 35px; /* Slightly increased padding */
  text-decoration: none;
  color: black;
  border: 1px solid black;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-weight: 500; /* Makes text slightly bolder */
  text-align: center;
  display: inline-block; /* Ensures proper button behavior */
}

.activity-link:hover {
  color: white;
  background-color: black;
  transform: translateY(-2px); /* Adds slight lift effect on hover */
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* Subtle shadow on hover */
}